| Gloydius shedaoensis | |
|---|---|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Subphylum: | Vertebrata |
| Class: | Reptilia |
| Order: | Squamata |
| Suborder: | Serpentes |
| Family: | Viperidae |
| Subfamily: | Crotalinae |
| Genus: | Gloydius |
| Species: | G. shedaoensis |
| Binomial name | |
| Gloydius shedaoensis (Zhao, 1979) |
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| Synonyms | |
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Gloydius shedaoensis is a venomous pitviper species found only on Shedao Island in China. Although very small, this island is home to an extraordinarily large population of these snakes. No subspecies are currently recognized.[4]
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Adults grow to an average snout-vent length of 65–70 cm.[3] Scalation includes 23 rows of dorsal scales at midbody, an average of 57 ventral scales and an average of 41 paired subcaudal scales. Also, the second supralabial scale is low and does not form the anterior margin of the pit. The color pattern consists of a grayish brown ground color overlaid with a series of dark brown X-shaped markings. A postocular stripe is present that is very narrow and very dark in color.[5]
Found only on Shedao Island off the coast of Liaotung in northeastern China. The type locality given is "Shedao (Snake Island), situated about 24 nautical miles (44 km) from and to the north-west of Lüshun (Port Arther [sic]), Liaoning Province, altitude below 215 m" (China).[1]
Shedao Island lies 7 nautical miles (about 13 km) from the nearest mainland and has an area of 0.63 km²[5] (or 0.73 km²[3]). However, despite its small size, the population density of these snakes on the island has long been know to be extremely high. Koba (1938) estimated that, on the southeastern part of the island, there was about one snake for every square meter, while Huang (1984) calculated that there were about 9,100-11,500 snakes on the island during the spring and fall of 1982 when the snakes were active.[5]
The diet consists of small passerine birds of various species.[5] These birds migrate to and from their breeding grounds in Siberia and visit the island in May and September. The snakes prey on the birds during these months and are inactive for the rest of the year.[3]
Prey is ambushed either on the ground or from tree branches, the snake waiting with its forbody in a concertina shape. Researchers have found specimens in this position containing two or three freshly ingested birds already. Larger snakes on the ground also scavenge birds that have been struck and killed by other snakes too small to eat them.[3]